Which fetal anomaly is linked to maternal exposure to lithium?

Maternal exposure to lithium during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of specific fetal anomalies, most notably the Ebstein anomaly. This is a rare congenital heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve and the right side of the heart. In cases where mothers have taken lithium during early pregnancy, studies have shown a correlation with the development of this cardiac condition in their offspring.

The mechanism behind this link is not entirely clear, but it is thought that lithium may interfere with normal fetal development, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Knowing this association is crucial for genetic counselors and healthcare providers, as it can guide preconception counseling and risk assessment for expectant mothers who are on lithium therapy for bipolar disorder or other psychiatric conditions. This information is vital for managing potential risks and considering alternative treatments during pregnancy when possible.

In general, while other fetal anomalies can occur due to different teratogenic exposures, the specific link between lithium and Ebstein anomaly has been well-documented in the literature, which solidifies its status as the correct answer to the question.