Mutation in which type of gene typically leads to uncontrolled cell division?

The correct answer is oncogenes. Mutations in oncogenes can lead to a situation where cell division is no longer properly regulated. These genes normally promote cell growth and division in a controlled manner. When they undergo mutations, they can become constitutively active, meaning they are perpetually on, resulting in excessive cell proliferation. This uncontrolled cell division is a hallmark of cancerous growths.

Oncogenes are derived from proto-oncogenes, which are the normal versions of these genes. When proto-oncogenes are mutated and converted into oncogenes, the regulatory mechanisms that keep cell division in check are disrupted, thereby contributing significantly to tumorigenesis. Understanding this concept is fundamental for recognizing how different mutations impact cell behavior and contribute to cancer development.