How much folic acid is recommended for women in the general population to prevent NTDs?

The recommended amount of folic acid for women in the general population to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) is 400 mcg (micrograms), which is equivalent to 0.4 mg (milligrams). This guidance is based on extensive research demonstrating that adequate folic acid intake before conception and during early pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of NTDs, such as spina bifida and anencephaly.

Folic acid is a B vitamin that plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and repair, as well as in cell division. Because neural tube defects develop in the first few weeks of pregnancy—often before a woman even knows she is pregnant—preconception and early prenatal folic acid supplementation are essential. Public health recommendations encourage all women of reproductive age to take this standard dose daily, in addition to consuming dietary sources of folate.

While higher dosages, such as 800 mcg or 1000 mcg, are recommended for women with specific health conditions or a personal or family history of NTDs, the general population is advised to stick with 400 mcg. This ensures safety while still providing a significant protective effect against NTDs among women who may become pregnant.